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import { COULOMB_CONSTANT, type Charge } from './electricField';
export function uniformWork(q: number, field: number, distance: number, angle: number): number {
return q * field * distance * Math.cos(angle);
}
export function centralWork(q: number, q0: number, ra: number, rb: number): number {
if (!Number.isFinite(ra) || ra <= 0 || rb <= 0 || Number.isNaN(rb)) throw new RangeError('Distances must be positive; only the final distance may be infinity.');
return COULOMB_CONSTANT * q * q0 * (1 / ra - 1 / rb);
}
export function energyTransfer(initialPotential: number, potential: number, initialKinetic: number, mass: number) {
const kinetic = initialKinetic + initialPotential - potential;
if (kinetic < -1e-20 || mass <= 0) throw new RangeError('This position is energetically inaccessible or the mass is invalid.');
return { kinetic: Math.max(0, kinetic), total: initialKinetic + initialPotential, speed: Math.sqrt(2 * Math.max(0, kinetic) / mass) };
}
export function assembledEnergy(charges: readonly Charge[]): number {
let energy = 0;
for (let i = 0; i < charges.length; i++) for (let j = i + 1; j < charges.length; j++) {
const a = charges[i], b = charges[j];
const distance = Math.hypot(a.x - b.x, a.y - b.y, a.z - b.z);
if (distance === 0) throw new RangeError('Point charges must have distinct positions.');
energy += COULOMB_CONSTANT * a.coulombs * b.coulombs / distance;
}
return energy;
}
/** Dipole in the xy plane, E along +x; positive theta is counterclockwise. */
export function dipoleState(moment: number, field: number, theta: number, thetaA: number) {
return {
energy: -moment * field * Math.cos(theta),
torqueZ: -moment * field * Math.sin(theta),
work: moment * field * (Math.cos(theta) - Math.cos(thetaA)),
};
}
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